晋太宗宣武帝实录14
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陈牧:今楚王欲取广陵,寡人欲争之,可乎?先生以为如何? 萧凡:臣以为,楚王好利而愎,不与,将伐我;不如与之。彼喜于得地,必请于齐国;齐国不与,必向之以兵,大王恒恐齐、楚交媾,此乃天赐良机,我晋得免于患,而可待事之变矣。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。 chenmu:NowtheKingofChuwantedtoattackGuangling,Iwanttostophimfromoccupyingthisplace,Sirwhatdoyouthink? xiaofan:Ithink,TheKingofChuwasgreedyandconceited,Ifwedon‘tgiveupherethenHewillattackus,Besides,thisplacedoesnotbelongtous,IftheKingofChupossessedthisplace,thenhewouldcontinuetodemanditfromtheStateofQi,OncetheStateofQididnotgiveittohim,thentheKingofChumightattacktheStateofQi,YouhavebeenworriedabouttheunificationoftheStateofQiandtheStateofChu,NowitisagoodopportunitytoseparatetheStateofQiandtheStateofChu,Wewillbeinanenablingenvironmentandjustwaitforthingstodevelop。 chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:夫才与德异,而世俗莫之能辨,通谓之贤,此其所以失人也,寡人欲别之,先生何以教我? 萧凡:臣以为,聪察强毅之谓才,正直中和之谓德。才者,德之资也;德者,才之帅也。才德全尽谓之圣人,才德兼亡谓之愚人,德胜才谓之君子,才胜德谓之小人。君子挟才以为善,小人挟才以为恶。挟才以为善者,善无不至矣;挟才以为恶者,恶亦无不至矣。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。 chenmu:Thereisadifferencebetweentalentandcharacter,Ordinarypeoplecan‘ttellthedifference,Sotheyconsiderbothtobewisemen,That‘swhyrealtalentislost,Iwanttotellthedifferencebetweenthetwo,Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan:Ithink,Clevernessandperseveranceareconsideredatypeoftalent,Integrityandeasy-goingareconsideredvirtuous,Talentisanextensionofvirtue,Virtueistheguideoftalent,Apersonwhopossessesbothtalentandvirtueisasaint,Peoplewhohaveneithertalentnorvirtuearestupid,Amanwhosevirtuetrumpshistalentsisagentleman,Apersonwhoseabilitytrumpsvirtueisavillain,Gentlemenusetheirtalentstodogoodthings,Villainsusetheirtalentstodobadthings,Useyourtalentstodogoodthings,andthengoodthingswillcome,Useyourtalentstodoevilthenbadthingswillcome。 chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:寡人愿闻,观人之道,先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,居视其所亲,富视其所与,达视其所举,穷视其所不为,贫视其所不取,五者足以定之矣。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:Iwanttoknowhowtofullyunderstandaperson,Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan:Ithink,Whenhe‘sathome,seehowhetreatshislovedones,Whenheisrich,lookatwhohegives,Whenheisdeveloped,seewhoheproposes,Whenhe‘spoor,watchwhathedoesn‘tdo,Whenhe‘shavingtrouble,seewhathedoesn‘tget,Justinthisway,youcanbasicallyunderstandhispersonality。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:以寡人今日之功业,比之太祖高皇帝,何如?先生以为如何? 萧凡:臣以为,君出言自以为是,而卿大夫莫敢矫其非;卿大夫出言亦自以为是,而士庶人莫敢矫其非。君臣既自贤矣,而群下同声贤之,贤之则顺而有福,矫之则逆而有祸,如此则善安从生?且大王为高祖之子,此孝之乎? 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。 chenmu:Howdomycurrentexploitscomparetothepreviousemperors?Sirwhatdoyouthink? xiaofan:Ithink,Ifthekingisself-righteous,thentheministerdoesnotdaretocorrectit,Iftheministerthinksheisright,thenthepeoplewillnotdaretocorrectit,Bothkingsandministersconsideredthemselvestobevirtuous,Andtheirsubordinatespraisedtheminthesameway,Praisethemandyou‘llreapthebenefits,Correctthemandyouwillbeintrouble,Iftheyalldothis,thenthereisnogoodness,Besides,youarethesonoftheformeremperor,Iamafraidthatyouarecommittingfilialpietybydoingso。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。 陈牧:敢问先生,何为信之道? 萧凡:臣以为,信者,人君之大宝也。国保于民,民保于信。非信无以使民,非民无以守国。是故古之王者不欺四海,霸者不欺四邻,善为国者不欺其民,善为家者不欺其亲。不善者反之:欺上不信下,下不信上,上下离心,以至于败。所利不能药其所伤,所获不能补其所亡,岂不哀哉! 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。 chenmu:Iwanttoknowthetruemeaningofintegrity,Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan:Ithink,Integrityistheking‘streasure,Thestabilityofthecountryliesinthewillofthepeople,Thestabilityofthepeople‘sheartsandmindsliesintheintegrityofthecountry,Ifthecountryisdishonest,itlosesthesupportofthepeople,Withoutthesupportofthepeople,thecountrycannotbedefended,Therefore,theancientkingsdidnotdeceivetheworld,Theemperordoesnotdeceivethesmallcountriesaroundhim,Thosewhoaregoodatgoverningthecountrydonotdeceivethepeople,Peoplewhoaregoodatmanagingtheirfamiliesdonotdeceivetheirlovedones,Onthecontrary,thecountryandthepeoplewillbeopposedandcentrifuged,whichwillfurtherleadtothedestructionofthecountryandthefamily,Intheend,itwastoolatetomakeamends,It‘saverysadthingtogettothatpoint。
chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:今内侍触法,寡人欲宥之,可乎?先生以为如何? 萧凡:臣以为,夫治无小,乱无大。法不立,诛不必,虽有十内侍,无益也。法立,诛必,失十内侍,无害也。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。 chenmu:Nowmyattendanthasbrokenthelaw,andIwanttokeephim,Sirwhatdoyouthink? xiaofan:Ithink,Therearenosmallthingsingoverningthecountry,everythingisimportant,Thelawwasestablishedbutcouldnotbeenforced,Evenifyouhavealotofsquires,it‘snotgoodforthecountry,Ifthelawcanbeenforced,evenifyouloseafewsquires,thereisnothingtoloseforthecountry。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。 陈牧:国家养士,所谓何哉?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,君王之养士,以为民也。《易》曰:“圣人养士,以及万民。”夫士者,其德足以敦化正俗,其才足以顿纲振纪,其明足以烛微虑远,其强足以结仁固义。大则利天下,小则利一国。是以君王丰禄以富之,隆爵以尊之。养士以利天下,盖为万民耳。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:Whatisthepurposeofthestateincultivatingtalents,Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan:Ithink,Kingsandsaintscultivatetalentsforthewell-beingofthepeopleoftheworld,Theirvirtuescanimprovethesocialatmosphere,Theirtalentscanimprovethelevelofnationalgovernance,Theirwisdomcantakeintoaccountthefutureandthepresent,Theycanspreadbenevolencetotheworld,Someofthemcanbenefittheworld,otherscanbenefitacountry,Thereforethekinggavethemhightreatmentandtitlesforthebenefitoftheworldandthepeople。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:寡人未尝不纳谏也,然下臣内怀jian诈,为之奈何?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,昔战国孟尝君纳谏,苟其言之善也,虽怀诈谖之心,犹将用之,况尽忠无私以事其上者乎!《诗》云:“采葑采菲,无以下体。”愿大王舍其私而用其公,用其长而容其短。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。 chenmu:IwasabletotaketheMinister‘sadvice,Butsomeofthemaretreacherous,Sirtaughtmewhattodo? xiaofan:Ithink,Mengchangjun‘sapproachisworthlearningfromyou,Ifotherssayitright,evenifheisabadperson,hewilltaketheiradvice,Moreover,mostpeopleareloyalanduprightpeople,Eveniftheyhavesomeminorproblems,youhavetotaketheirrightadviceforthecountry,Youhavetolearntousethestrengthsofothersandtoleratetheirweaknesses。 chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。