晋太宗宣武帝实录24
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陈牧:寡人愿闻,何为将之弊,先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,为将之道有八弊焉,一曰贪而无厌,二曰嫉贤妒能,三曰信谗好佞,四曰料彼不自料,五曰犹豫不自决,六曰荒yin於酒色,七曰jian诈而自怯,八曰狡言而不以礼。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:Iwonderwhatthegeneralshad?Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan:Ithinkasageneraltheyhaveeightflaws,First,insatiablegreed,Second,jealousyoftalents,Third,credulouslybelievevillainsandrumors,Fourth,donotactaccordingtoyourability,Fifth,indecisiveness,Sixth,hobbiesforfemalesexandalcohol,Seventh,treacherousbutcowardly,Eighth,cunningandimpolite。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:寡人闻,将骄多败,何也?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,将不可骄,骄则失礼,失礼则人离,人离则众叛。将骄,则赏不行,赏不行则士不致命,士不致命则军无功。无功则国虚,国虚则寇实矣。《书》曰:如有周公之才之美,使骄且吝,其余不足观也已。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:I‘veheardthatgeneralsmostlyfailbecauseofpride,Sirtaughtmewhy? xiaofan:Ithink,Thegeneralcannotbeproudorhewillberude,Ifyouarenotpolite,peoplewillalienateyou,Ifpeoplealienateyou,thensoldiersarepronetodefection,Thegeneralisconceitedanddoesnotrewardhissubordinates,thenthesoldierwillnotfighthard,Asaresult,thismakeswarsoftenlost,Oftenthisisthecasethenthecountrywillweaken,Eventuallyothercountrieswillattackyou,Nomatterhowtalentedapersonis,ifheisconceitedandmiserly,thefinalresultisnotgood。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:寡人闻,行军严戒备,何也?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,国之大务,莫先於戒备。若夫失之毫厘,则差若千里,覆军杀将,势不踰息,可不惧哉!故有患难,君臣旰食而谋之,择贤而任之。若乃居安而不思危,寇至而不知惧,此谓燕巢於幕,鱼游於鼎,亡不俟夕矣!《传》曰:不备不虞,不可以师。豫备无虞,古之善政。虿尚有毒,而况国乎?无备,虽众不可恃也。故曰,有备无患。故三军之行,不可无备也。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:Ihaveheardthatwhentroopsaresent,theymuststrengthentheirvigilance,Sirtaughtmewhy? xiaofan:Ibelievethatindealingwithmajornationalaffairs,wemustfirstbeonguard,Asmallmistakecanalsoaffecttheoutcomeofthewar,Itcouldleadtothedefeatofthewarandthedeathofthegeneralinaninstant,Itisnottoomuchtobecarefulandvigilant,Sothekingandhisministersplottedhard,andchosethewisementogivehimtheheavyresponsibility,Itistopreventmajormistakes,Ifyoudon‘tthinkaboutthedangersinpeacetime,Thenitwillbetoolatewhentheenemyarrives,Ifthereisnoalertbeforethetroopsaredispatched,itiseasytofaileveniftherearemoresoldiers,Therefore,itisimportanttobeonthealertbeforemakingadecisiononamajormatter。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:寡人闻,王者必有腹心之士,何也?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为王者,必有腹心、耳目、爪牙。无腹心者,如人夜行,无所措手足:无手足者,如冥然而居,不知运动;无爪牙者,如饥人食毒物,无不死矣。故圣王治天下,必有博闻多智者为腹心,沈审谨密者为耳目,勇悍善敌者为爪牙。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:Ihaveheardthatthekingmusthavehisowncronies,Sirtaughtmewhy? xiaofan:Ithinkthekinghadcroniestohelpthemwiththings,Akingwithoutcroniesislikeamanwithoutsiblings,andthusunabletowalk,Akingwithoutcroniesislikehavingnominionsandstarvingtodeath,Therefore,whentheHolyKinggovernsthecountry,hemustregardthelearnedashiscronies,Treatcalmandprudentpeopleaseyesandears,Treatbraveandpowerfulpeopleaspawns。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:寡人愿闻,自勉之道,何也?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,圣人则天,贤者法地,智者则古。骄者招毁,妄者稔祸,多语者寡信,自奉者少恩,赏於无功者离,罚加无罪者怨,喜怒不当者灭。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人受教矣。 chenmu:Iwanttoknowhowtoencouragemyself,Sirtaughtme? xiaofan:IthinkThesaintsimitatetheheavens,thewiseimitatetheearth,andthetalentsimitatehistory,Arrogancebringsdestruction,andarrogancebringsdisaster,Peoplewhotalkalotaregenerallydishonest,Selfishpeoplerarelyshowkindnesstotheirsubordinates,Rewardsaregiventothosewhohavenomeritandmoralewilldrop,Punishingthosewhoarenotsinfulwillthencauseresentment,Moodinessisallovertheplace,Itissoeasytosummondisastersleadingtodestruction。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧:今司徒恺坐臧抵罪,寡人欲禁锢其二世可乎,先生以为如何? 萧凡:臣以为,春秋之义,善善及子孙,恶恶止其身,所以进人于善也。因藏而禁锢其子孙,以轻从重,惧及善人,非先王详刑之意也。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。 chenmu:NowStuartKaihascommittedacrimebecauseofcorruption,Iwanttoimprisonthemfortwogenerations,Sirwhatdoyouthink? xiaofan:Ithink,Accordingtothepreviousstandards,Rewardsaretobegiventofuturegenerations,andpunishmentisonlytooneself,Thisisdonetoguidepeopletowardgoodness,Thepunishmentforimprisoninghisdescendantsforcorruptionisabitheavy,Iamafraidthatthiswillaffectthegoodpeople,DoingsoisinconflictwiththestandardsoftheHolyKing。
chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。 陈牧:今大臣欲行三年之丧,寡人当如何处之?先生教我。 萧凡:臣以为,三年之丧,礼义之方,大王听大臣终丧,圣功美业,靡以尚兹。《孟子》有言:‘老吾老,以及人之老;幼吾幼,以及人之幼,天下可运如掌。’臣愿大王登高北望,以甘陵之思,揆度臣子之心,则海内咸得其所。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人谨受教。 chenmu:Nowsomeministersinsistonthreeyearsoffunerals,HowshouldIhandlethis?Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan:Ithink,Athree-yearfuneralistheultimateinetiquette,Itwasbenevolentforthekingtoallowtheministerstoinsistonthisritual,Theelderlywholovethemselvesmustalsolovetheelderlyofothers,Youloveyourownchildren,andyouhavetoloveotherpeople‘schildren,Thentheworldwillalsobeinfluencedbyyou,Ihopeyoucanunderstandpeople‘sremembranceoftheirlovedones。 chenmu:Sirisright,Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings 陈牧:今夏王病逝,其子初立,寡人欲因其丧而袭之,可乎?先生以为如何? 萧凡:臣以为,前夏王桀骜,大王不能讨,死而击之,非义也,且礼不伐丧,大王宜遣使吊问,因责让前罪,赦不加诛,取其后善,如不能化,发兵未迟。 陈牧:先生之言是也,寡人知过矣。 chenmu:NowKingXiahasdiedofillnessandhissonhasjustsucceededtothethrone,Iwanttotakeadvantageofthefuneraltolaunchanattack,Sirwhatdoyouthink? xiaofan:Ithink,TheoldKingofXiaisunruly,butyoucannotcrusadeagainsthim,Itisnotmoralforyoutoattackhisfuneral,Moreover,accordingtoetiquette,itisnotallowedtoattackthefuneralofothers,Youshouldsendmessengerstoexpressyourcondolences,Condemnhispreviouscrimesandforgivehiminordertomakehimcorrecthimself,Ifhedoesn‘tcompromise,thenyousendtroopstoattackhim。 chenmu:Sirisright,Iwaswrong。