晋太宗宣武帝实录27
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陈牧：东汉风俗之美，他朝莫比，忠臣名将多如璀璨，何以亡哉？先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为，国将亡，必多制。明王之政，谨择忠贤而任之，凡中外之臣，有功则赏，有罪则诛，无所阿私，法制不烦而天下大治。所以然者何哉？执其本故也。及其衰也，百官之任不能择人，而禁令益多，防闲益密，有功者以阂文不赏，为jian者以巧法免诛，上下劳扰而天下大乱。所以然者何哉？逐其末故也。孝灵之时，刺史、二千石贪如豺虎，暴殄焌民，而朝廷方守三互之禁。以今视之，岂不适足为笑而深可为戒哉！纵有诸葛孔明，周公瑾何益也！ 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。 chenmu：ThesocialatmosphereoftheEasternHanDynastywasmuchbetterthanthatofotherdynasties，Andithasalargenumberofloyalistsandfamousgenerals，Whyiteventuallywenttoextinction？Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan：Ithink，Beforethefallofthecountry，theremustbealotofcumbersomedecrees，TheHolyKingcarefullyselectedthesagesandappointedthemtogovernthecountry，TheHolyKingtreatsallministersselflesslyandfairly，Rewardthosewhohavemeritandpunishthosewhomakemistakes，Thelawsarenotharshbutthecountryiswellgoverned，That‘sbecausetheyfoundtherootoftheproblem，Whenthestateisindecline，itspoliciesaretheopposite，Villainsdisruptthelaw，andtheyarenotpunished，Therefore，thegentlemanretreatedandtheworldwasinchaos，That‘sbecausetheyignorethenatureoftheproblem，AttheendoftheEasternHanDynasty，officialsweregreedyandcorrupt，andmutilatethepeople，Thegovernmentstilladherestoharshdecrees，Fromthecurrentpointofview，Itsdecreesareridiculousandworthyofreflection，EvenifithadministerslikeZhugeLiangandZhouYu，theGreatHanDynastycouldnotbesaved。 chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：寡人欲作灵苑，可乎？先生以为如何？ 萧凡：臣以为，先帝之制，左开鸿池，右作上林，不奢不约，以合礼中。今猥规郊城之地以为苑囿，坏沃衍，废田园，驱居民，畜禽兽，殆非保赤子之义。今城外之苑已有五六，可以逞情意，顺四节也。愿大王追夏禹卑宫、太宗露台之意，以慰下民之劳。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。 chenmu：IwanttobuildtheSpiritGardentohunt，Sirwhatdoyouthink？ xiaofan：Ithink，YourfatherhasbuiltHongchiandShanglin，Itsscaleisnotextravagantandnotshabbyjustright，Nowyoudestroyfarmlandandhousesandbreedanimalstobuildhuntinggroundsinthecountryside，Thisisnotasignoflovingthepeople，ThecurrentSpiritGardenisenoughforyoutohuntandplayeveryyear，IhopeyouwillemulatethefrugalwilloftheHolyKingtoappeasethepeopleandtobeconsiderateoftheirhardships。 chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。 陈牧：寡人欲取士以诗词文章，可乎？先生以为如何？ 萧凡：臣以为，魏晋以来，崇尚文词，忽君人之大道，好雕虫之艺。下之从上，遂成风俗。江左、齐、梁、隋、唐，其弊弥甚，世俗以此相高，朝廷据兹擢士。禄利之路既开，爱尚之情愈笃。于是闾里童昏，贵游总草，未窥六甲，先制五言。至如羲皇、舜、禹之典，伊、傅、周、孔之说，不复关心，何尝入耳。以傲诞为清虚，以缘情为勋绩，指儒素为古拙，用词赋为君子。故文笔日繁，其政日乱，良由弃大圣之轨模，构无用以为用也，愿大王退浮薄、奖实用，则天下幸甚。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。 chenmu：Iwanttoselecttalentsthroughpoetryandarticles，Sirwhatdoyouthink？ xiaofan：Ithink，SincetheWeiandJindynasties，peoplehavebeenadvocatingpoetryandarticlesforalongtime，Peopleignorethetruthofgoverningthecountryandvaluesuchsmallthings，Andthiscustomistop-downgoingthroughfivedynasties，It‘sthesamefromthegovernmenttotheprivatesector，Andithasgraduallybecomeacustom，Afterfivedynasties，itsdrawbackshavebeenveryserious，Butpeoplearestillproudofitandignorethetraditionalclassics，Theyseeabsurdityandinactionasapoliticalachievement，Treatpragmatismandsimplicityasstupidity，Andadvocatpoetryandarticlesasthestandardofagentleman，Therefore，themorecomplexthearticle，themorechaoticthepolitics，Thisisbecausetheyabandontheirpoliticalrootsandpursueuselessthings，Ihopeyourewardpracticalityanddiscouragepompousness，Thentheworldbenefitsfromthis。 chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：寡人近来为政如何？先生直言。 萧凡：臣以为，大王顷来酒色过度，肆意游猎，荒废朝政，非圣主明王所为也，且天下未靖，岂是宴乐之时？愿大王以社稷为重，恭事上帝，子爱下民，省嗜欲，远谄佞，未明求夜，日旰忘食，则古之明王何以加之哉！ 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。 chenmu：Lately，howhaveIgovernedthecountry，PleaseSirtellmethetruth。 xiaofan：Ithink，Lately，you‘vebeenoverindulging，Andexcessivehuntinghasruinedgovernmentaffairs，ThisisnotwhattheHolyKingshoulddo，Nowtheworldisnotpeaceful，anditisnotthetimeforyoutoplayarbitrarily，Iwantyoutoputthecountryfirst，RespectGod，lovethepeople，livefrugally，alienatethevillains，andhandlegovernmentaffairsdiligently，Ifyoufollowthis，theancientsaintkingsmaynotnecessarilysurpassyou。 chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。 陈牧：今世子妃生子，寡人得孙甚喜，吾欲颁赐群臣，可乎？先生以为如何？ 萧凡：臣以为，赏罚之设，功过所存也，今世子妃生子，乃大王家事，于群臣何也，岂可妄受赏哉！ 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。 chenmu：Nowmyson‘swifehasgivenbirthtoaboy，IamveryhappyaboutthissoIwouldliketorewardtheministers，Sirwhatdoyouthink？ xiaofan：Ithink，Rewardsandpunishmentsareestablishedtorewardthosewhohavemeritandpunishthosewhomakemistakes，Itisyourfamilyaffairthattheprincehasachild，Howcanyourewardtheministeratwill？ chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。 陈牧：寡人愿闻，《易》何为者也？先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为，《易》开物成务，冒天下之道，如斯而已者也，是故，圣人以通天下之志，以定天下之业，以断天下之疑，圣人以此洗心，退藏于密，吉凶与民同患，其孰能与此哉？ 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。 chenmu：Iwonderwhatzhouyiisabout，Sirtaughtme。 xiaofan：Ithink，Itisthesourceofallthingsthatcontainthesupremetruth，Throughit，thesaintsestablishedgreatambitions，Followingit，thesaintsestablishedgreatfeats，Becauseofit，thesaintswereabletodealwiththecomplexitiesoftheworld，Asaresultoflearningit，thesaintpracticedhimselfandretiredsafely，Whateverhappened，thesaintsandthepeoplesufferedtogether，Whocandothesameasthem？ chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。 陈牧：寡人闻，天助自助者，何也？先生教我。 萧凡：臣以为，自天佑之，吉无不利，易日：佑者，助也，天之所助者，顺也，人之所助者，信也，履信思乎顺，又以尚贤也，是以自天佑之，吉无不利也。 陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。 chenmu：Iheard，Onlyifyouhelpyourself，thenGodwillhelpyou，Sirtaughtmewhy？ xiaofan：Ithink，Ifyoudothingsaccordingtotherules，Godwillblessyou，Youdowhatisrighteous，thenGodwillhelpyou，Youdothingswithintegritythenotherswillhelpyou，DothingsofintegrityandjusticeandGodwillblessyou，Onlythenwilleverythinggowell。 chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。